How Do You Properly Put On Model Decals?
Applying decals to your model can be one of the most rewarding steps in bringing your miniature masterpiece to life. Whether you’re working on a scale aircraft, a detailed car, or a historical figure, decals add that final touch of authenticity and realism that transforms a simple build into a stunning display piece. However, mastering the art of putting on model decals requires more than just peeling and sticking — it involves patience, precision, and a bit of technique.
Understanding how to properly apply decals is essential for achieving a smooth, professional finish without bubbles, wrinkles, or misalignment. From preparing the surface to handling delicate waterslide transfers, each step plays a crucial role in ensuring your decals adhere seamlessly and enhance your model’s overall appearance. This process not only elevates the visual impact but also protects the decals for long-lasting durability.
In the following sections, you’ll discover the essential tips and methods that make decal application straightforward and enjoyable. Whether you’re a beginner eager to learn or an experienced modeler looking to refine your skills, this guide will equip you with the knowledge to confidently add those intricate details that bring your models to life.
Preparing the Surface and Decals
Before applying model decals, it is essential to prepare both the surface of the model and the decals themselves to ensure proper adhesion and a smooth finish. The surface should be clean, dry, and free of dust, oils, or any residues that might interfere with the decal’s ability to bond.
Begin by washing the model gently with mild soap and water, then allow it to dry completely. For painted models, applying a gloss clear coat is recommended because decals adhere better to glossy surfaces and it helps prevent silvering—a common issue where trapped air causes a frosted appearance under the decal.
Decals should be carefully cut out with sharp scissors or a hobby knife, trimming as close to the design as possible without cutting into the printed area. This reduces excess film around the decal and makes it blend more seamlessly with the model’s surface.
Applying Decal Setting Solutions
Decal setting solutions are specialized liquids that enhance decal conformity to the model’s surface, especially over irregular or textured areas. They soften the decal film, allowing it to mold to curves, panel lines, and rivets, improving realism.
Common types of decal solutions include:
- Setting Solutions: Soften the decal to help it settle smoothly.
- Softening Solutions: More aggressive, used for very uneven surfaces.
- Fixatives: Help seal and protect the decal after application.
Usage tips:
- Apply a thin layer of setting solution on the model surface before placing the decal.
- After positioning the decal, gently dab with a soft cloth or cotton swab to remove excess liquid and air bubbles.
- If using a softening solution, apply sparingly to avoid damaging the decal.
Step-by-Step Decal Application Process
Following a structured process ensures decals are applied cleanly and securely.
- Positioning: Using tweezers or a fine brush, carefully place the decal in a small dish of lukewarm water to loosen it from the backing paper. Once it slides freely, transfer it onto the model surface.
- Sliding: Gently slide the decal off the backing paper onto the desired location. Use a soft brush or cotton swab to adjust its position.
- Removing Excess Water: Lightly dab around the decal with a soft cloth or paper towel to absorb excess water.
- Smoothing: Use a decal setting solution to soften the decal and help it conform to the surface. Press gently with a cotton swab or brush to remove air bubbles and wrinkles.
- Drying: Allow the decal to dry undisturbed for several hours, preferably overnight.
- Sealing: Once dry, apply a clear coat (matte, satin, or gloss depending on the model’s finish) to seal and protect the decal.
Common Issues and How to Avoid Them
Decal application can encounter several challenges. Awareness and proper technique can mitigate most problems.
| Issue | Cause | Prevention/Treatment |
|---|---|---|
| Silvering | Air trapped under decal film | Apply decals on gloss surface; use decal setting solution |
| Decal Tearing | Excessive handling or aggressive softening | Handle decals gently; use softening solutions sparingly |
| Wrinkles/Folds | Decal drying too quickly or improper smoothing | Work quickly; use setting solutions; smooth with cotton swab |
| Decal Floating | Insufficient drying time or surface not clean | Ensure surface is clean; allow decals to dry fully |
| Color Bleeding | Water temperature too hot or decals soaked too long | Use lukewarm water; limit soaking time |
Tools and Materials for Best Results
Having the right tools at hand can improve the ease and quality of decal application.
- Fine-tipped scissors or hobby knife: For precise cutting of decals.
- Tweezers: For handling small decals without damage.
- Small dish or container: To soak decals in lukewarm water.
- Soft brushes and cotton swabs: For positioning and smoothing.
- Decal setting and softening solutions: To improve decal adherence.
- Clear gloss or matte varnish: To seal decals after application.
- Paper towels or lint-free cloths: For absorbing excess water and cleaning.
| Tool/Material | Purpose | Recommended Use |
|---|---|---|
| Fine Scissors/Hobby Knife | Cutting decals precisely | Cut close to design edges without damaging decal |
| Tweezers | Handling small decals | Hold gently to avoid tearing or creasing |
| Decal Setting Solution | Softening decals for surface conformity | Apply thinly before and after decal placement |
| Clear Varnish | Sealing decals | Apply after decals are fully dry to protect finish |
Preparing the Surface for Decal Application
Proper surface preparation is critical to ensure that model decals adhere smoothly and securely. Begin by cleaning the model’s surface thoroughly:
- Remove Dust and Oils: Use a soft cloth lightly dampened with water or isopropyl alcohol to wipe the surface. This removes dust, fingerprints, and oils that can prevent adhesion.
- Check for Paint Dryness: Ensure that any paint applied to the model is fully cured. Fresh paint may react adversely with decal adhesives.
- Smooth Surface Imperfections: If necessary, gently sand the area with fine-grit sandpaper (around 1000-2000 grit) to remove any bumps or roughness.
- Apply a Glossy Clear Coat: A gloss finish minimizes air bubbles and silvering under decals. Use a clear gloss lacquer or varnish appropriate for your model’s material.
Allow the surface to dry completely before proceeding to decal application.
Cutting and Preparing the Decals
Careful cutting and preparation of decals are essential steps that affect the final appearance and ease of application.
- Cut Close to the Design: Use a sharp hobby knife or fine scissors to cut decals as close as possible to the edges of the graphic to minimize excess film.
- Organize Decals: Lay out all decals on a clean surface in the order they will be applied to avoid confusion during application.
- Soak Decals Properly: Submerge the decal sheet in lukewarm water (approximately 20-25°C) for 15-30 seconds or until the decal slides easily off the backing paper.
- Prepare Tools: Have tweezers, a soft brush, and a paper towel ready to handle decals carefully and blot excess water.
Applying the Decals to the Model
Precision and patience are key when transferring decals onto the model surface.
| Step | Action | Tips |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Slide the decal off the backing paper gently onto the desired area using tweezers. | Use a soft brush or toothpick to position the decal accurately. |
| 2 | Adjust the decal’s position while it is still wet to ensure precise placement. | Work slowly to avoid tearing or wrinkling the decal. |
| 3 | Blot excess water gently with a paper towel or soft cloth without disturbing the decal. | Press lightly to avoid air bubbles or shifting. |
| 4 | Use a soft brush or cotton swab to smooth out any air bubbles or wrinkles. | Start from the center and move outward for best results. |
| 5 | Allow the decal to dry thoroughly before applying any additional layers or finishing coats. | Drying times may vary depending on environmental conditions. |
Using Decal Setting and Softening Solutions
Decal setting and softening solutions help decals conform to complex surfaces and enhance adhesion.
- Setting Solutions: These liquids improve decal adhesion by softening the adhesive slightly, allowing the decal to settle better on the surface. Apply immediately after positioning the decal using a fine brush.
- Softening Solutions: Used primarily on irregular surfaces, they make the decal film more pliable, enabling it to conform to panel lines or rivets.
- Application Technique: Apply the solution sparingly to avoid damaging the decal or paint. Let the solution work for a few minutes, then smooth the decal gently with a cotton swab.
- Multiple Applications: For complex surfaces, multiple applications may be necessary, but allow each layer to dry partially before applying the next.
Sealing Decals for Durability
After decals have dried completely, sealing them protects the finish and integrates them with the model’s surface.
| Sealant Type | Purpose | Application Method | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gloss Clear Coat | Protects decals and prepares surface for weathering or matte coats | Spray or brush lightly over decals | Use compatible with paint type; prevents silvering effect |
| Matte or Satin Clear Coat | Reduces shine for realistic finish | Apply after gloss coat has dried | Choose desired finish level; multiple thin layers recommended |
| Fixative Sprays |